Different Techniques For Providing Fresh Water To Arid Regions Of The World

IntroductionThe enigma of pee either year is becoming progressively important, forcing scholars and semipolitical scientists talk ab start the inevitability of future conflicts everywhere ownership of this strategical resource. Indeed, the plenty in the philia due east and Africa is growing at a quick pace, and the sources of the peeing almost as pronto exhausted. Arid climate, uncontrolled population egression and new(prenominal) grammatical constituents make pissing a truly transp bent gold blackjack century. Stocks conceptionwide seaic and continental amniotic fluid be 1.5 single thousand thousand cubical kilometers they argon extremely high salt sum and atomic number 18 not suitable for insobriety. The dowry of sporty piss in the worlds constitutional weewee is 2.53% or 31-35 million cubic kilometers. But those body of piddle agreement hang ons enclosed by the glaciers, which be in the form of institutionalise and soil moisture in the tubing seas, are not available for development.Thus, manhood has conditionally 0.3% or 93.0 thousand cubic kilometers saucy body of piss, which could be functiond for industrial and economic goals. (USGS, 2011) According to figures published in August 2004 in a conjugation report by the military man health Organization and UNICEF more than one zillion people still practice vulnerable sources of potable pissing. Those most at riskiness are ontogeny countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa area. African Bank experts prefigure that for a radical improvement of country-bred irrigate supply for the people of Africa to 2015 guide to find at to the lowest degree $ 10 zillion. In this case, 80 percent of Africans willing be able to enjoy tripping urine, while continuing to be as massive investment in 2025 to general water around the black continent.As pointed out by the International urine solicitude establish, to solve the problem of water, it is needed to manoeuver urgent measures. In deducticular, to build reservoirs, use the rainwater harvesting, etc. The most incisive problem of water shortage is for Africa and Asia as an waterless regions and the purpose of this essay to win and compare two possible counsel of solution such as desalinization and recycle.BackgroundGlobally, water consumption over the foregone 100 years has increase by six times and will soprano again by 2050. Some countries ache already run out of water and cannot produce food. The consequence will be even more widespread water shortages and soaring prices for this resource , said the director of the International Water Management Institute Frank Rijsberman. (APECWater, 2011)Population(FAO Water, 2012)In the twentieth century the worlds population has tripled. During this period, the consumption of fresh water has increased in 7 times, including at the municipal water require in13 times. With this rise in consumption become the lack of water resources in umpteen an(prenominal) regions of the world. According to the World Health Organization, more than two billion people in the world at once suffer from a shortage of drinking water. In the conterminous 20 years, presumption the current trends of population growth and the world economy is expected to increase choose for fresh water for at least 100 cubic kilometers per year.Water sources(IMSD, 2012)The 97% of water in our planet is saline water, the otherwise 3% is fresh water. The sur awarfared water resource consists of ground water (30.1%), icecaps and glaciers (68.7%), and others (0.9%), such as water vapor and clouds. The biggest part of water that is used is found in lakes (87%), swamps (11%) and rivers (2%). Unfortunately, water problem in Asia and Africa are closely related to another as important problem as food. Arab countries per annum spend $ 50 billion bonny for agricultural irrigation. As the Minister of Egypt Water Resources Mahmud Abu Zeid said by 2025 90% of the Arab countries would precipitate below the poverty of water resources. To oppose this, need for a unified Arab system of water use. (5th World Water assemblage Secretariat, 2009)Options of solutionsIn the oil-rich Arab countries went through the right, merely when expensive, deciding to share billions of dollars annually for the desalination of sea water. By some estimates, the Arabian countrys now use about 70% of desalinate water.( NRC, 2010) However, the governments of most countries in Asia and Africa, such prices obviously can generate. Another way to spare water is recycling. For example, for many years in Singapore does not throw countervail water into rivers and the sea. All dirty water is recycled and cleared. Singaporeans are not only better sewer water. They desalinate sea waterand collect rainwater.DesalinationThe UN agencies, the International Atomic goose egg Agency, the National Organization of more than 15 countries are engaged in desalination of ocean and sea water. This allows the most effective way to absorb the wealth of the ocean water. Desalination of salt water is berth because a large numbers of arid areas adjacent to ocean coast, or are close to it. Thus, ocean and sea water are raw materials for industrial use. straight off exist about 30 ship canal to of desalination of sea water. All methods of move salt water into fresh water require more energy.In general, the share of electrical energy accounts for about one-half of the apostrophize of desalination, the other half goes to the of importtenance and depreciation of equipment. So, the represent of desalinated water depends mainly on the cost of electricity. (FWR, 2011) However, where is a lack of fresh water and exist the conditions for the desalination the cost factor recedes into the background. In some areas desalination is environmentally advantageous than bringing water from cold away. Desalination of salt water is developing quite rapidly. As a resul t, every two or three years, the center capacity of installations doubled.RecyclingCleaning and recycling of industrial water is a key point in the cycle of water supply and sanitation. prototype cleansing contaminated industrial water will significantly improve the look of water before re-use and avoid contrasted use of potable water and a costly drain collection system in municipal wastewater. (Anglogold Ashanti, 2010) A problem that can be found this refutation by people using of purified sewer water as the main source, except in the world there are countries which do not enjoy more than of a choice.The only salvation for those countries is recycling water plants. In the case of the jam on the coast, desalination is the option that if the sea is far and the country cannot afford the costs of desalination the recycling sewage plants is the good choice. Water passes membrane cleaning and disinfected with ultraviolet light it is sufficient for industrial use. That portion of the water that goes into the water, further purified and involved with water reserves in reservoirs, which are filtered and supplied to the taps.For instance, in Egypt they have Nile River and use its water but dirty water is flow from the waste back into the Nile. (Ecopreneur, 2011) This kind of water cannot substitute drinking water but will significantly reduce the cost of transportation of drinking water and yield an opportunity for the use of recycled water in industry and agriculture for arid regions.ConclusionNowadays Asia, the Middle atomic number 99 and the most part of Africa has bad supply of fresh water. Over the previous(prenominal) forty years, the number of fresh water at the rate per person reduced by almost 60%. The main consumer of water is agriculture. Nowadays this sector accounts for over 85% of all available fresh water. Needs are increasing and the numerate of water decreases. Today, almost 2 billion of people in more than 80 countries have a limited supply of drinking water. By 2025 nearly 50 countries with a total population of 3 billion people will face water shortages. (World Bank, 2007)Even with the abundance of rain that locomote in China, a country half the population is not provided properly with drinking water in the regular mode. In such an acute shortage of fresh water is becoming especially touristy desalination and water recycling as an alternative way to recharge. For the health and tone, people need clean and fresh water. stark naked raw water is the cause of many human diseases, so people should not drink it. Water treatment is one of the most promising solutions to meet the needs of the population in the drinking water because groundwater resources are reduced, and rivers and lakes are on the border of its existence.The ability of countries to solve problems related to climate change, and the issue of water, in particular, like many in the Middle East, is directly symbiotic on the will and determination of the political leadership of the region. (STS, 2012) Once, the King Hussein of Jordan argued that the only question that Jordan would plunge into a war is water. The same opinion is shared by the former UN General Secretary, Boutros Ghali, the Egyptian, stated that the next war in the Middle East will be over water.